Mallik Lab. Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India

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Copyright, R. Mallik, 2007

Diffraction rings of an optical trap	Multiple kinesin driven motility of 500 nanometer latex beads on a single microtubule. These beads move with an average velocity of 670 nanometers/second, and are driven by kinesin isolated from goat brains. The 10 second clip plays in real time. Field of view is ~30 microns horizontally. Faint outline of a single microtubule is visible
Single kinesin driven 500nm bead stalling in optical trap (watch carefully). A single microtubule (out of focus) is oriented along the horizontal.	A new non-fluorescent method for polarity labeling of a microtubule that permits high resolution analysis of bidirectional motion on the microtubule. See Soppina et al, Biotechniques 2009. Stationary avidin coated magnetic beads (extreme right) label the minus end of the microtubule. Vesicles extracted from Dictyostelium are moving on the labelled microtubule (large minus-directed and smaller plus-directed vesicle).
Reversal of an endosome in a Dicty cell extract. The minus end of the microtubule is to the right. Note slowing down and elongation of the endosome at point of reversal. This establishes that opposing Kinesin and Dynein motors engage in tug-of-war at the reversal. See Soppina et al, PNAS 2009 for more details	Fission of a tubular endosome in Dicty cell extract due to opposing forces from Kinesin and Dynein motors. Note how the endosome stretches as it moves in a net minus direction, and then breaks into two. See Soppina et al, PNAS 2009 for more details